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Common causes of Epistaxis:
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Local trauma: Any trauma to the nasal area, blunt or a blow, picking at the nose, fall..
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Drying of nasal mucosa: This is more common in cold weather wherein the mucosa dries up forming crusts leading to itching and bleeding when picked at.
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Nose anomalies - nasal polyps, deviated nasal septum
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Less common causes of Epistaxis
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Local infections - vestibulitis, sinusitis, rhinitis
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Foreign bodies - especially in toddlers can tear the mucosa and cause bleeding
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Systemic illnesses - Hypertension, SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)
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Arteriosclerosis - Loss of elasticity and hardening of arterial walls may cause Epistaxis.
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Coagulopathy/Bleeding disorders- DIC (Disseminated intravascular coagulation), hemophilia, von willebrands disease
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Malignancy - Abnormal growth of tissue projecting from the nose can cause bleeding.
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